Background. In high-level diving, episodes of sudden interruption of motor control, commonly referred to as “blackout” motor blackout, are observed. These episodes are characterized by a sudden loss of the ability to perceive, represent, or regulate movement, with significant implications for the athlete’s performance and safety.
Objectives. This paper aims to analyze motor blackout by integrating computational theory and ecological theory of motor control, in order to identify the neurocognitive and emotional mechanisms underlying its onset and to outline evidence-based intervention strategies. This paper also opens a field of interest for further in-depth research.
Methods. A theoretical and comparative analysis of motor control models and contributions from sport psychology regarding the relationship between emotion, attention, and sensorimotor coordination was conducted. Preliminary observations on cases of elite athletes who experienced the phenomenon were also considered.
Results. From a computational perspective, blackout emerges as a dysfunction in the recall or execution of the internal motor program, due to interference between automatic and conscious control, overload of working memory, or alteration of executive functions (inhibition, attention, cognitive flexibility). In ecological terms, it represents a loss of attunement between perception and action, with a temporary inability to correctly perceive environmental affordances (possibilities, opportunities for action). Intense emotions—particularly fear and mental fatigue—negatively influence attentional stability and neuromuscular synchronization, generating disorganization of the entire sensorimotor system.
Conclusions. We propose an integrated intervention model that combines mental training techniques, emotional and attentional regulation, pre-performance routines, training in variable contexts, and controlled stress simulations. This approach aims to enhance cognitive-motor resilience and restore the balance between body, environment, and task. Understanding emotional and perceptual dynamics is crucial not only for the prevention and management of motor blackout but also for maintaining optimal performance and psychological well-being in elite athletes.